코로나바이러스 (SARS-Severe acute respiratory syndrome -CoV-2) 감염병, Covid-19 

posted in: Uncategorized | 0
코로나바이러스 (SARS-Severe acute respiratory syndrome -Covid-2) 감염병, Covid-19 감염병
인간 코로나바이러스 (human coronaviruses (HCoVs)에는 8종이 있다.

There are eight species of human coronaviruses (HCoVs).

Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) — CCHD

코로나 바이러스 영상, 소스: 미 CDC

1.       HCoV-229E, 2.  HCoV-OC43, 3.  HCoV-NL63,  4.  HCoV-HKU1, 5.  severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), 6. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) 7. Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, a.k.a. SARS-CoV-2). 8. omicrone varient 오미크론 변종
 SARS-CoV-2와  COVD-19는 약자이다.
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 are abbreviations.
SARS-CoV는 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 즉 심한 급성 호흡 증후군 코로나 바이러스의  약자이다. COVD-19는 Coronavirus disease-19의 약자이고 SARS-CoV 감염으로 생긴 감염병이다.

SARS-CoV is an abbreviation for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. COVD-19 is an abbreviation for Coronavirus disease-19 and is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV infection.

감염 년령층의 나이

age of infection

주로 성인들이   감염되나 소아청소년층도 감염된다신생아도 감염   있다. 최근에 임신부로부터 태아에게 감염된 케이스가 있다.

Adults are more susceptible to infection, but children and adolescents are also infected. Newborns can also become infected. Recently, there has been a case of infection from a pregnant woman to a fetus.

감염경로

infection route

SARS-CoV-2에 감염된 사람으로부터  나온  침, 콧물, 눈물 등의 비말 속에 든 SARS-CoV-2가 가까이에 있는 사람들의 코, 입 눈 등을 통해 몸속으로 들어올때 감염된다.
그 외  공기 중에 있는 SARS-CoV-2가 문고리, 전화기, 식기, 청진기, 체온기, 변소 토일렛, 키보드, 쇼핑 몰 카트 등 매개물에 묻을 수 있다, 그런 것에 묻어 있는  SARS-CoV-2에 접촉하거나,
환자의 대변이나 소변, 침, 가래, 피에 있는 SARS-CoV가 다른사람들의 입, 코, 눈을  통해 몸속으로 들어 올때 , 소변 속에 든 바이러스가  입을 통해  구강경로를 통해 몸속으로 감염될 수 있고,  피를 통해도 감염될 수 있다.
임신 중 SARS-CoV-2에 감연된 산모로부터 태아나 태어난 아기에게 수직 감염되었다는 예도 있다. COVD-19를 않는 산모로부터 태어난 신생아에게 모유수유를 권하지 않는다.
SARS-CoV-2감염된 가족이나 이 바이러스에 감염된 가족 이외 사람과 직접 간접적 또는 근접 접촉할 때 감염된 사람의 기침, 재채기,  말, 노래 등을  통해 상호 1 m 거리 이내에 있는 주위 사람들의 입,  코, 눈 등을  통해 SARS-CoV 감염될  다.
이미 언급해지만SARS-CoV-2
오염된 청진기,체온기문고리전화기책상위, 숍핑 카트 등을 만진 손으로 ,  눈을
만저도  간접적으로 감염될 수 있다.
특히 공기가 잘 유통이 되지 않는 실내 공기 중에 있는 SARS-CoV-2 에 공기 감염 Airborne transmission이 될 수 있다.
또 밀접한 실내 모임을 통해서도 감염될 수 있다.

SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted when SARS-CoV-2, contained in droplets from a person infected with SARS-CoV-2, enters the body through the nose, mouth, or eyes of people nearby.

In addition, SARS-CoV-2 in the air may be deposited on media such as doorknobs, telephones, tableware, stethoscopes, thermometers, toilets, keyboards, and shopping mall carts.

When SARS-CoV in a patient’s feces, urine, saliva, sputum, or blood enters the body through the mouth, nose, or eyes of others, the virus in the urine can be transmitted through the mouth and into the body through the oral route.

It can also be transmitted through blood. There are also cases of vertical transmission from mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2 to fetuses or babies born during pregnancy.

Breastfeeding is not recommended for newborns born to mothers who do not have COVID-19.

When you come into direct, indirect or close contact with a family member infected with SARS-CoV-2 or someone other than a family member infected with this virus, through the infected person coughing, sneezing, speaking or singing, the mouth, nose, SARS-CoV can be transmitted through the eyes.

As already mentioned, SARS-CoV-2 Wash your mouth, nose and eyes with your hands that have touched a contaminated stethoscope, thermometer, doorknob, phone, desk, or shopping cart. Manja can also be infected indirectly.

In particular, airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor air with poor air circulation can be an airborne transmission. It can also be transmitted through close indoor gatherings.

증상 징후

symptoms and sign

SARS-CoV-2는  주로 호흡기에 감염된다. 그래서 COVD-19가 생기고 그 감염병의 증상이 경도내지 중증도로 생길 수 있고 그러나 때로는 심하게 앓을 수도 있고 사망도 한다. 어떤 사람들은 아무 증상이 없는 무증상 COVD-19에 걸일 수 있다.
 열, 가래가 나오지 않는 건성 기침, 피로, 코막힘,  콧물, 위장염의 증상이 생길 수 있고 더 심하면 뇌염, 심장염, 폐렴 등 많은 신체 각종 계통에 COVD-19이 생길 수 있다. 성인 환자에서  볼수 있는 가슴 x  사진 기관지 폐렴 영상이 나타날 수도 있다.
 병에 걸리면 자가 한정성 증상 징후가 생길  있다.
감염된  3~14일간 잠복기를 거쳐 증상이 생기는 것이 보통이다
중이염에도 걸릴  있고 천식이 유발될  있다.
코로나바이러스 감염병에 걸리면 콧물비강 울혈코막힘인두통재채기기침 등의 증상 징후를 동반하는 감기의 증상과 비슷한  증상이 생길  있다.
감기와 상기도 감염병을 일으킬  있는 200여종의 바이러스들  코로나바이러스가 가장 흔한 원인   하나이다.특히 영아들이나 면역 기능 손상이 있는 성인들이 사람 코로나바이러스에 감염되면 세기관지염이 생길 수도 있고 폐렴도 생길 수도 있고  보다   심하게 앓을 수도 있다.중동 호흡증후군 코로나바이러스 (The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus /MERS-CoV)SARS-CoV-2 감염으로 인한 COVD-19의 일종이
살스 감염병에 걸려 이탈리아  유럽 지역과 사우디아라비아  중동지역에서 많은 사람들에게 치명적 폐렴 환자가 발생했다 바이러스에 의해서 폐렴에 걸리면 사망률이 56% 된다고 한다SARS-CoV-2 감염병 (중증 급성 호흡기 증후군) 2002–2003년도에  세계적으로  유행되었고그로 인해 근육통두통노근하고한전기침 가쁨 등의 증상 징후를 5~7 동안 나타날  있다설사도 하고 호흡기 부전증이 생겨 기도  삽입관 치료를 받아야 하는 경우도 생기길  있다 반적으로 소아 SARS-CoV-2 감염병의 증상 징후는 성인들에 비해  하다.SARS-CoV-2 감염병의 일반적 사망률에 비해 60 이상 고령자들의 경우 사망률은 상당하 높다학동기기나 사춘기 아이들이 학교를 가지 못하고 집에 주로 가처 있기 때문도 우울증도 생기고 불안증도 생긴다.

SARS-CoV-2 mainly infects the respiratory system.

So, COVD-19 occurs and the symptoms of the infectious disease can be mild or severe, but sometimes you can get seriously ill and even die. Some people can get asymptomatic COVD-19 asymptomatic. Symptoms of fever, dry cough without sputum, fatigue, stuffy nose, runny nose, and gastroenteritis can occur, and even worse, COVD-19 can occur in many systems of the body, such as encephalitis, heart disease, and pneumonia.

Bronchial pneumonia images may appear on chest X-rays seen in adult patients. People with this disease may develop symptoms of auto limiting symptoms. Symptoms usually appear after an incubation period of 3 to 14 days after infection.

It can also cause otitis media and can cause asthma. A coronavirus infection can cause symptoms similar to those of the common cold, accompanied by symptoms such as runny nose, nasal congestion, nasal congestion, sore throat, sneezing, coughing, and fever. Among the 200 types of viruses that can cause colds and upper respiratory tract infections, coronavirus is one of the most common causes. In particular, infants and adults with compromised immune functions can develop bronchiolitis and pneumonia when infected with the human coronavirus. The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a type of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

A fatal pneumonia case occurred in many people in Europe such as Italy and the Middle East such as Saudi Arabia due to the Sals infection. Pneumonia caused by this virus has a 56% mortality rate.

SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease (severe acute respiratory syndrome) was prevalent worldwide in 2002–2003, and as a result, symptoms such as fever, muscle pain, headache, tiredness, fever, cough, shortness of breath, etc. were reduced for 5 to 7 days. may appear during Diarrhea and respiratory failure may occur, requiring treatment with an endotracheal tube.

In general, the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease in children are less than in adults. Depression and anxiety also occur because school-age children or adolescents do not go to school and stay at home.

진단 diagnosis
증상 징후병력진찰소견 등을 종합해서 병을 의심하면 상하 호흡기 분비물대변혈청 등에서 얻은 피검물로 종합 효소연쇄 반응 분석 Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays(COVID-19 RT-PCR
) 검사로 진단 수도 있고 SARS-CoV-2 항원 (antigen)검사로 진단할 수도 있고 SARS-CoV-2 바이러스 항체 검사로 진단 할 수 있다. 
필요에 따라 바이러스 검출해 진단한다. (www.cdc.gov/sars/index.html). 참조

If this disease is suspected by combining symptom signs, medical history, and examination findings, synthetic enzyme chain reaction analysis with specimens obtained from upper and lower respiratory secretions, feces, and serum Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays (COVID-19 RT-PCR) ) test, it can be diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 antigen test, or it can be diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody test. Virus detection and diagnosis as necessary. (www.cdc.gov/sars/index.html). Reference

 치료 treatments
특효 약이 없다
지지치료와 대증 치료를 한다.
 SARS-CoV-2 감염병은 Steroids, type 1 interferons, 희복기 혈청, Ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir 등으로 치료할  있으나 치료효과는 확실치 않다.
만일 열이 나고 기침하고 위에 열거한 증상의 일부가 경도로 나타나면 COVID-19 걸렸다고 추정하면서 집에 머물면서 단골 의사에게 전화해 조언을 받는다그러면서 증상들을 적어 놓고 체온을 잰다.
집안 다른 가족이나 다른 사람들에게 감염시키지 않게 주의한다.
숨을 쉬기가 어렵다든지 증상이 보통이상으로 심하면 단골 의사의 지시에 따라 응급실 치료를 받는다.
대부분의 경도 COVID-19 환자들은 특별한 치료를 받을 필요가  없이 자연히 회복된다치료를 받으러 의사를 보러 가는 이외  집을 떠지 말고 공공장소에 가지 만다.
열이 나면 약국에서   있는 타이레놀 acetaminophen등으로 집에서 자가 해열치료를 하고 육체적으로 신체적으로 쉬면서 충분한 수분을 섭취한다.
필요에 따라 단골 의사에게 연락 하면서 적절한 가정 자가치료를 계속 한다버스나 택시  공중 교통 수단을 이용 하지 않는다.
앓는   독방을 쓰고 가족들과 같은 방을 쓰지 않는다그리고 애완 동물과도  같이 있지 않는다.
 병을 앓기  그동안 근접 접촉을 했던 사람들에게 COVID-19 걸렸다는 사실을 알린다.
SARS-CoV-2 감염되어  COVID-19 증상이 나타 나타나기전 2일전 부터 또는 SARS-CoV-2 진단 검사가 양성으로 나타 나기전 2 부터 다른 사람에게 SARS-CoV-2 감열 시킬  있다는 것을 알린다.  그래서 그동안 근접 접촉한 사람에게 COVID-19 걸릴  있다고 알려 주어  이상 다른 사람에 전파 시키는 것을 예방하고  본인도 그에 해당한  대치를 하도록한다 나라 그지방 건강 관리 당국의 지시에 따라 COVID-19 예방치료 한다.
COVID-19 앓는중  숨쉬기가 곤란하든지 통증이 심하든지 가슴이 아프든지정신이 혼동하든지 잠에서   없든지얼굴이나 잎슬이 프르든지 하면 응급으로 치료를 받아야한다.
필요에 따라 911전화로 도움을 받는다.
다른 사람이나 애완동물과 같이 있을때는 헌겁 마스크로 코와 입을 가리고 적어도피트 간격을 둔다.
 혼자 있을 때는 마스크를  필요가 없다.
2 이하 아이들이나 숨을    없거나 자신이  마스크를 벗을 없는 사람은 마스크르 쓰지 안해도 된다,
 기침을  때나 재채기  때는 티슈로 입과 코를 가린다.   티슈를 바로 버리고 손을  적어도  20 동안 비누와 물로 닦거나 70% 알코올 닦는다.
청결하지 않은 손으로 얼굴   등을 만지지 않는다.
환자가 쓰는 먹는 식기수건베드도 같이 쓰지 않는다.
환자가 그런 것을 쓴 후에는 비누와 물로 깨끗이 닦고 환자가 쓰는 방의 표면을 위생화 샌이타어저로 청결하고 일회용 장갑을 쓴다. 환자와 그 집 식구들이 공동으로 사용하느 집 부분을 청소하고 위생화 샌이타어저로 멸균 소독 처리 한다
간병인 도움을 받을때는 모든 건강관리에 관해는 교육시킨다
전화기원격 조절기카운터문잡이화장실 이용 기구토일렛 보드베드 사이드 테이불 들을 소독 청소한다.
피, 소대변이나 환자로부터 나온 분비물은 70% 알코홀로 딱거나 비누와 물로 딱어나 살균 소독 청소제를 이용 해 소독 청소 한다.

No medicine Supportive and symptomatic treatment. SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease can be treated with steroids, type 1 interferons, blood serum, ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir, etc., but the therapeutic effect is uncertain. If you have a fever, cough, and some of the symptoms listed above are mild, stay home and call your regular doctor for advice, presuming you have COVID-19.

Then, write down the symptoms and take your temperature. Be careful not to infect other members of the household or other people. If it is difficult to breathe or the symptoms are more severe than normal, seek emergency room treatment according to the instructions of a regular doctor. Most people with mild COVID-19 recover spontaneously without the need for special treatment.

Do not leave the house and go to public places other than to see a doctor for treatment. If you have a fever, treat yourself with antipyretic treatment at home with Tylenol or acetaminophen, which you can buy at a pharmacy, and get plenty of water while resting physically and physically. Continue appropriate home self-treatment while contacting a regular doctor as needed.

Do not use public transportation such as buses or taxis. I use a single room while I am sick and do not share the same room with my family. And not with pets. Inform anyone you have had close contact with before you became ill with COVID-19.

Inform others that SARS-CoV-2 can infect others from 2 days before the onset of COVID-19 symptoms after being infected with SARS-CoV-2 or 2 days before the SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test is positive. So, in the meantime, inform the person you have been in close contact with that you can get COVID-19 to prevent further spread of COVID-19 to other people, and make sure you take the corresponding replacement yourself. Preventive treatment for COVID-19 is carried out according to the instructions of the local health authorities in the country.

If you are suffering from COVID-19 and have difficulty breathing, severe pain, chest pain, confusion, inability to wake up, or sore face or leaves, seek emergency treatment. Get help by calling 911 as needed. When sharing with other people or pets, cover your nose and mouth with an old mask and keep a distance of at least 6 feet. You don’t need to wear a mask when you’re alone

Children under 2 years of age or those who cannot breathe well or who cannot take off their own masks do not need to wear a mask. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. Discard the tissue immediately and wash your hands with soap and water or 70% alcohol for at least 20 seconds.

Do not touch your face, eyes, nose, etc. with unclean hands. Do not share the patient’s chair, tableware, towels, or bed. After the patient has used them, wipe them clean with soap and water, clean the surfaces of the patient’s room with a sanitizing sanitizer, and wear disposable gloves.

Clean the part of the house shared by the patient and his/her family members and sterilize it with a sanitizing sanitizer When receiving help from caregivers, educate them about all health care Disinfect and clean telephones, remote controls, counters, door handles, toilet equipment, toilets, keyboards, and bedside tables. Disinfect and clean blood, feces, or secretions from the patient using 70% alcohol or soap and water or a sterilizing disinfectant.

약물로 치료 한다
1.Remdesivir (Veklury)– 2020년 10월 22일 미  FDA 승인된 약이다. 12세 이상 병원입원  환자 혈과 주사 치료용 약. 회복이 더 빠른 효과가 있다. 사망률이 적어진다. 이 약 하나로만 치료하면 충분한 치료효과가 적다.병원 입원한 COVID-19 환자를  remdesivir와 baricitinib (Olumiant) 으로 동시 치료한 결과가 더 좋다.  응급으로 치료 하는데 쓰는 약이다.
2. Dexamethasone
코티코 스테로이제이다.
산소호흡이나 인공호흡치료를 요하는 COVID-19환자를  경구용 또는 정맥 주사로 치료하면 사망률이 감소된다.
3.Convalescent plasma
2020년 8월 23일, 미 FDA의 허가를 받았다. COVID-19에서 회복되는 사람들의 회복기 플라스마(Convalescent plasma)로 치료 하면  그 속에 든  코로나 바이러스 항체로 치료된다.
4. Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) 6/15 /2021 JAMA
체내에 들어온 바이러스와 결합해서 바이러스를 파괴 시킨다.  REGN-COV2 이나 LY-CoV555 등이 있다. 
5. Hydroxychloroquine  chloroquine
말라리아, 루프스, 류마토이드 병 치료에 쓰는 약이다. COVID-19치료에도 효과가 어느정도 있다.
6. Azithromycin
 항생제의 일종이다.
인플루인자, 지카 바러스 감염병 치료에도 쓰는 항생제이다. COVID-19으로 생기는 폐렴 등을 치료하는데 쓴다.
7. Tocilizumab (Actemra) 와 그외 IL-6 inhibitors
류마토이드 관절염이나 연소성 특발성 관절염을 치료에 쓰는 약이다.
8. Interferons
항 바이러스 작용이 있다
9. Kinase inhibitors
신체 면역 질환에 쓴다. 
Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir) lopinavir와 ritonavir
 항 바이러스 작용이 있는 약 
12. Ivermectin
 기생충 치료에 쓰는 약물이다. COVID-19 치료에도 효과가 있다.

13. sotrovimab

1.Remdesivir (Veklury) – FDA-approved drug on October 22, 2020. Medicine for blood and injection treatment of hospitalized patients 12 years of age or older.

Recovery is faster. the mortality rate is reduced. Treatment with this drug alone is insufficiently effective.

Simultaneous treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with remdesivir and baricitinib (Olumiant) has better results. It is a drug used for emergency treatment.

2. Dexamethasone It is a corticosteroid. Oral or intravenous treatment of COVID-19 patients who require oxygen respiration or artificial respiration therapy reduces mortality.

3. Convalescent plasma On August 23, 2020, it was approved by the US FDA. When people recovering from COVID-19 are treated with convalescent plasma, they are treated with the coronavirus antibody contained therein.

4. Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) bind to the virus that enters the body and destroys the virus. REGN-COV2 or LY-CoV555.

5. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine It is used to treat malaria, lupus, and rheumatoid diseases. It is also effective to some extent in the treatment of COVID-19.

6. Azithromycin It is a type of antibiotic. It is an antibiotic used to treat influenza and Zika virus infections. It is used to treat pneumonia caused by COVID-19.

7. Tocilizumab (Actemra) and other IL-6 inhibitors It is a drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

8. Interferons have antiviral action

9. Kinase inhibitors It is used for body immune diseases. Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir) lopinavir and ritonavir drugs with antiviral action

12. Ivermectin is a drug used to treat parasites. It is also effective in treating COVID-19.

COVID-19를 예방, 치료 하는 Vaccine

A vaccine to prevent and treat COVID-19

 미국에서 5세부터 일반들에게 초기 및 추가 접종할 수 있는 예방 접종 백신이  있다. 2회 접종 받고  3회 추가 접종을 받으라고 권장한다. 1/4/2022, 4회 접종 받으면 항체가  더 증가 했다고.  임신부가 접종 받으면 특별 이상이 생기지 않고 태아와 신생아에게도 부작용이 생기지 않고 항체가 생긴다고 한다 (6/15/2021)

In the United States, there is an initial and booster vaccination vaccine available to the general public starting at age 5. 

Different Vaccines/ Updated Mar. 4, 2021
Authorized and Recommended Vaccines

As COVID-19 vaccines are authorized and then recommended for use in the United States, it will be important to understand what is known about each vaccine.

CDC will provide information on who is and is not recommended to receive each vaccine and what to expect after vaccination, as well as ingredients, safety, and effectiveness.

Currently, three vaccines are authorized and recommended to prevent COVID-19:

Pfizer-BioNTech
Moderna
Johnson & Johnson / Janssen

Vaccine type

  • Understanding How COVID-19 Vaccines Work
    Learn how the body fights infection and how COVID-19 vaccines protect people by producing immunity.
  • Also, see the different types of COVID-19 vaccines that currently are available or are undergoing large-scale (Phase 3) clinical trials in the United States.​
  • COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines
    Information about mRNA vaccines generally and COVID-19 vaccines that use this new technology specifically.
  • Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines
    Information about viral vector vaccines generally and COVID-19 vaccines that use this new technology specifically.
Vaccines in Phase 3 Clinical Trials

As of February 27, 2021, large-scale (Phase 3) clinical trials are in progress or being planned for two COVID-19 vaccines in the United States:

  • AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine
  • Novavax COVID-19 vaccine​

Learn more about U.S. COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, including vaccines in earlier stages of development, by visiting clinical trials.go external icon.

This page will be updated as additional information is available.

1 dose of Moderna, Pfizer vaccines effective against COVID-19. ‘Get the second dose,’ experts say.

Korin Miller

For months, data on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines has been based on information from clinical trials. Now there is new, real-world data out about the effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines — and it’s very promising.

New research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released on Monday found that both Pfizer’s and Moderna’s mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are exceedingly effective at preventing the disease after just one dose, at rates higher than what was previously reported.

The study analyzed data from 3,950 health care personnel, first responders and other essential and frontline workers who underwent weekly testing for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, for 13 weeks after they were vaccinated.

The researchers discovered that the vaccines were 80 percent effective at preventing COVID-19 after one dose, and 90 percent effective after two doses.

That’s slightly different data from what the clinical trials found. In those trials, the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was 52 percent effective after one dose and 95 percent effective after two doses.

For the Moderna vaccine clinical trials, that vaccine was 50.8 percent effective up to two weeks after the original dose (and 92.1 percent effective after that), with a 94.1 percent efficacy after two doses.

Vials for the Moderna and Pfizer COVID-19 vaccines are displayed on a tray at a clinic set up by the New Hampshire National Guard in the parking lot of Exeter, N.H., High School, Thursday, Feb. 25, 2021, in Exeter. The temporary facility, operating out of a field hospital tent, administers both the Moderna and Pfizer COVID-19 vaccines. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)
New CDC research found that both Pfizer’s and Moderna’s mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are very effective at preventing the disease after just one dose. (Charles Krupa/AP)

Why the difference? It’s data from the real world vs. a clinical trial. “Real-world data is the best way to gauge the impact of a vaccine, infectious disease expert Dr. Amesh A. Adalja, senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, tells Yahoo Life. “These are important findings, showing the value of the vaccine.”

Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist and professor at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, tells Yahoo Life that he’s “not entirely sure” why there is such a huge increase in how efficient the vaccines are at preventing COVID-19 after one dose according to real-world data. But, he says, “this is data from continuing analysis of larger populations — and it’s encouraging.”

The data “supports what many of us have felt,” Dr. Shobha Swaminathan, associate professor in the Division of Infectious Diseases at Rutgers, tells Yahoo Life. “After two weeks, most vaccines will have some efficacy, and the degree of efficacy would relate to the potency of the vaccine,” she adds.

This study also sampled people “regardless of symptoms” and “may have picked up some asymptomatic cases as well,” Swaminathan says.

Adalja says the findings may even end up influencing public policy about who gets vaccinated when. “For now, I think a two-dose regimen will be in place, but this result underscores the importance of prioritizing first doses,” he says. “Second doses can be given, but first doses should take precedence.”

Schaffner stresses that people shouldn’t look at these findings and assume they don’t need a second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. “Don’t try to slice this salami too thin,” he says. “I do think we need that second dose in order to get maximum protection.” Schaffner points out that people get “much more antibodies” against SARS-CoV-2 with the second dose, as well as “more complete protection” that can help against variants of the virus.

Dr. Thomas Russo, professor and chief of infectious disease at the University at Buffalo in New York, agrees. “I can’t emphasize enough how important it is to get the second dose,” he tells Yahoo Life. Russo points out that some people are nervous about getting the second dose after hearing that side effects can be worse afterward, but he says that many stories about the side effects have “a little bit of embellishment.”

“Only a minority of people have severe, systemic symptoms,” he says. “Even if you have flu-like symptoms, you take a ‘vaccine day.’ It’s a small price to pay for getting a really tremendous degree of protection from this coronavirus.”

If you need to wait beyond the recommended three to four weeks between vaccinations, that’s OK, Schaffner says— as long as you actually complete the regimen. “Please get the second dose. You need to get complete protection,” he says. “We can’t tell you that you’re going to have 95 percent protection on the basis of a single dose, and you’re likely to have longer protection this way.”

Swaminathan agrees. “We do not know how durable the vaccine response will be for these products if people stop at one dose,” she says.

update 1/42022 NEJM
Paxlovid, and Gilead have reported a benefit of ambulatory therapy with Remdesivir for Covid-19..
 Molnupiravir treatment is A Step toward Orally Bioavailable Therapies for Covid-19
 소스  참조 문헌
  •  NEnJMed August 1, 2013, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe1308724
  • Red Book 29th Ed
  • NENJ Med August 1, 2013, DOI: 0.1056/NEJMe1308724
  • JAMA 11/3/2020
  • JEJM Journal Watch 6/2020
  • Dr. Fauci: Covid-10 Vaccine for children must ‘ strike a balance’ JEJM Journal Watch 11/2020
  • AAP News  Pediatrics October 22, 2020
  • Other
Copyright ⓒ 2020 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP
“부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다”-내용은 여러분들의 의사로부터 얻은 정보와 진료를 대신할 수 없습니다.
“The information contained in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your doctor. There may be variations in treatment that your doctor may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.
“Parental education is the best medicine.

출처 및 참조 문헌 Sources and references

  • NelsonTextbook of Pediatrics 22ND Ed
  • The Harriet Lane Handbook 22ND Ed
  • Growth and development of the children
  • Red Book 32nd Ed 2021-2024
  • Neonatal Resuscitation, American Academy Pediatrics
  • www.drleepediatrics.com 제1권 소아청소년 응급 의료
  • www.drleepediatrics.com 제2권 소아청소년 예방
  • www.drleepediatrics.com 제3권 소아청소년 성장 발육 육아
  • www.drleepediatrics.com 제4권 모유,모유수유, 이유
  • www.drleepediatrics.com 제5권 인공영양, 우유, 이유식, 비타민, 미네랄, 단백질, 탄수화물, 지방
  • www.drleepediatrics.com 제6권 신생아 성장 발육 육아 질병
  • www.drleepediatrics.com제7권 소아청소년 감염병
  • www.drleepediatrics.com제8권 소아청소년 호흡기 질환
  • www.drleepediatrics.com제9권 소아청소년 소화기 질환
  • www.drleepediatrics.com제10권. 소아청소년 신장 비뇨 생식기 질환
  • www.drleepediatrics.com제11권. 소아청소년 심장 혈관계 질환
  •  www.drleepediatrics.com제12권. 소아청소년 신경 정신 질환, 행동 수면 문제
  • www.drleepediatrics.com제13권. 소아청소년 혈액, 림프, 종양 질환
  • www.drleepediatrics.com제14권. 소아청소년 내분비, 유전, 염색체, 대사, 희귀병
  • www.drleepediatrics.com제15권. 소아청소년 알레르기, 자가 면역질환
  • www.drleepediatrics.com제16권. 소아청소년 정형외과 질환
  • www.drleepediatrics.com제17권. 소아청소년 피부 질환
  • www.drleepediatrics.com제18권. 소아청소년 이비인후(귀 코 인두 후두) 질환
  • www.drleepediatrics.com제19권. 소아청소년  안과 (눈)질환
  • www.drleepediatrics.com 제20권 소아청소년 이 (치아)질환
  • www.drleepediatrics.com 제21권 소아청소년 가정 학교 간호
  • www.drleepediatrics.com 제22권 아들 딸 이렇게 사랑해 키우세요
  • www.drleepediatrics.com 제23권 사춘기 아이들의 성장 발육 질병
  • www.drleepediatrics.com 제24권 소아청소년 성교육
  • www.drleepediatrics.com 제25권 임신, 분만, 출산, 신생아 돌보기
  • Red book 29th-31st edition 2021
  • Nelson Text Book of Pediatrics 19th- 21st Edition
  • The Johns Hopkins Hospital, The Harriet Lane Handbook, 22nd edition
  • 응급환자관리 정담미디어
  • Pediatric Nutritional Handbook American Academy of Pediatrics
  • 소아가정간호백과부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다이상원 저
  • The pregnancy Bible. By Joan stone, MD. Keith Eddleman, MD
  • Neonatology Jeffrey J. Pomerance, C. Joan Richardson
  • Preparation for Birth. Beverly Savage and Dianna Smith
  • 임신에서 신생아 돌보기까지이상원
  • Breastfeeding. by Ruth Lawrence and Robert Lawrence
  • Sources and references on Growth, Development, Cares, and Diseases of Newborn Infants
  • Emergency Medical Service for Children, By Ross Lab. May 1989. p.10
  • Emergency care, Harvey Grant and Robert Murray
  • Emergency Care Transportation of Sick and Injured American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
  • Emergency Pediatrics A Guide to Ambulatory Care, Roger M. Barkin, Peter Rosen
  • Quick Reference To Pediatric Emergencies, Delmer J. Pascoe, M.D., Moses Grossman, M.D. with 26 contributors
  • Neonatal resuscitation Ameican academy of pediatrics
  • Pediatric Nutritional Handbook American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Pediatric Resuscitation Pediatric Clinics of North America, Stephen M. Schexnayder, M.D.
  • Pediatric Critical Care, Pediatric Clinics of North America, James P. Orlowski, M.D.
  • Preparation for Birth. Beverly Savage and Dianna Smith
  • Infectious disease of children, Saul Krugman, Samuel L Katz, Ann A.
  • 4권 모유모유수유이유 참조문헌 및 출처
  • 5권 인공영양우유, 이유, 비타민, 단백질지방 탄수 화물 참조문헌 및 출처
  • 6권 신생아 성장발육 양호 질병 참조문헌 및 출처
  • 소아과학 대한교과서

Copyright ⓒ 2014 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다”-본 사이트의 내용은 여러분들의 의사로부터 얻은 정보와 진료를 대신할 수 없습니다.

“The information contained in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your doctor. There may be variations in treatment that your doctor may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.

“Parental education is the best medicine.”